Efeitos de um minuto e dez minutos de deambulação em ratos com artrite induzida por adjuvante completo de Freund sobre os sintomas de dor e edema / Effects of one minute and ten minutes of walking activity in rats with arthritis induced by complete Freund's adjuvant on pain and edema symptoms

Este estudo avaliou o efeito de dois protocolos de exercício na nocicepção, edema e migração celular em ratos com artrite induzida por CFA. Ratos Wistar fêmeas (200 - 250 g, n = 50) foram induzidos à monoartrite por adjuvante completo de Freund (CFA, Mycobacterium butyricum; 0,5 mg/mL; 50 μL) na articulação do joelho direito (TF; n = 24) ou tornozelo direito (TT; n = 26). A incapacitação articular foi mensurada pelo tempo de elevação da pata (TEP; s) em 1 minuto de avaliação. O edema do joelho ou tornozelo foi avaliado pela medida do diâmetro articular (AD, cm) e pelo edema de pata (EP, mL), respectivamente. Ambos foram avaliados durante 10 dias consecutivos. Dois protocolos de exercício foram realizados: (a) exercício constante (TF, n = 6; TT, n = 6), realizando 1 minuto diário de exercício no cilindro (3 r.p.m.); (b) exercício variável (TF, n = 6; TT, n = 7), exercício com aumento de 1 minuto por dia, totalizando 10 minutos no último dia. Os grupos-controle (TF, n = 12; TT, n = 13) não realizaram exercício. Após 10 dias, os animais foram eutanasiados para contagem total (células/mm3) e diferencial (mononucleares e polimorfos nucleares; células/mm3) de leucócitos do tecido inflamado. O exercício variável inibiu a incapacitação e o edema em ambas as articulações. Entretanto, reduziu a migração total de leucócitos apenas na articulação TF. O exercício constante inibiu o edema nas duas articulações e reduziu a migração total de leucócitos da articulação TT. Porém, não reduziu a incapacitação. O exercício variável pareceu ser mais efetivo em reduzir os parâmetros inflamatórios em comparação com o exercício constante.

This study evaluated the effects of two protocols of exercise on nociception, edema and cell migration in rats with CFA-induced arthritis. Female Wistar rats (200 - 250 g, n = 50) was monoarthritis-induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA; Mycobacterium butyricum, 0.5 mg/mL; 50 μL) into the right knee joint (TF; n = 24) or right ankle joint (TT; n = 26). Incapacitation was measured by the paw elevation time (TEP; s) in 1-min periods of observation. The edema of the knee or ankle joints was evaluated by the variation of the articular diameter (DA, cm) and by the paw volume variation (EP, mL), respectively. Both were measured during 10 consecutive days. Two protocols of exercise were performed: (a) in the constant exercise group (TF, n = 6; TT, n = 6) performing 1 minute of daily exercise on the cylinder; (b) variable exercise group (TF, n = 6; TT, n = 7), the exercise increased by 1 minute per day. The control groups (TF, n = 12; TT, n = 13) didn´t perform the exercise. After 10 days, the animals were euthanized for total (CT; cells/mm3) and differential leukocyte counts (mononuclear - MON, and polymorphonuclear - PMN, cells/mm3) of the articular inflammatory exudate. The variable exercise protocol inhibited incapacitation and edema for both joints. However, cell migration decreased only in the TF.The constant exercise reduced edema in both joints, and cell migration was decreased in the TT. However, the incapacitation was not reduced. Variable exercise seemed to be more effective in reducing the inflammatory parameters than constant exercise.

Systemic lupus Erythematosus and Neisseria gonorrhoea a case of the arthritis-dermatitis syndrome

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic disease characterized by arthritis among other protean manifestations. Occasionally lupus flares occur and is associated with increasing joint pains. In this state, complement is activated and leads to precipitation of immune complexes. Neisserial infections are cleared by complement and so in the presence of deficient complement, these infections will flourish. Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) occurs infrequently. A case of Neisseria gonorrhoea presenting as the arthritis-dermatitis syndrome which mimicked a lupus flare is presented and the appropriate literature reviewed.

[Pathological study of arthritis induced by type 2 bovine collagen and freund's complete adjuvant in rat]

Because of the pathological similarities between collagen induced arthritis [CIA] and rheumatoid arthritis, the CIA model has been the subject of extensive investigations. This study initiated to evaluate the pathologic lesions of induced arthritis by collagen in a total of 50 female rats [Rattus norvegicus.]. Arthritis was induced by two intrademial injections [14 days interval] of type 2 bovine collagen solution and Freund's complete adjuvant [FCA] into the tail and right leg paw of 40 rats. Severity of arthritis in affected leg was represented in grade to 4. Three weeks after beginning of the experiment, 22, 12, 5 and 1 affected rats were clinically diagnosed with 1, 2, 3 and 4 grades of arthritis respectively. Rats were intradermally injected into the tail showed only slight and moderate [grade 1 and 2] arthritis. Macroscopically, the involved joints were enlarged, swollen and stiff and deformity and ankylosis of affected joints were noticed in severe cases. Deep healing ulcers in planter of the paw were diagnosed in 14 rats. Histopathologic examinations revealed infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells and papillary hyperplasia of synovial membrane in mid and moderately affected animals [grade 1 and 2] and erosion of articular cartilage with formation of fibrovascular pannus on its surface in synovial membrane in severe cases [grade 3]. In very severe cases [grade 4], complete destruction of articular cartilage and access of granulation tissue to subchondral bone were noticed. Pathologic lesions of the involved joints were very similar to those reported from rheumatoid arthritis in human, erosive polyarthritis in dog and caprine arthritis/encephalitis

[Role of cytokines in patients with arthritis and low back pain brucellosis]

Cytokines are secreted as the molecular products of different cells in particular T-Lymphocyte which contribute in the processes of immune responses. Therefore, the study may provide valuable information regarding the function of cell-mediated immunity [CMI] in this disease. This study was performed in the medical centers of Mashhad University of Medical Science. 40 Patients with brucellosis and 40 normal samples took part in this investigation. Diagnosis of the disease was based on case history clinical examination and serological tests. The levels of TNF-alpha, IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 in serum were measured using ELISA method. The levels of the random variables IL-2 and IL-10 were tested by Kolmogrov Smirnov test and shown to be normal [p<0.05]. Other cytokines including IL-4, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha of patients serum were not normal. The results indicated that the levels of IL-10 in the sera of patients had increased [p<0.001]. IFN-gamma level showed it has increased in patients [p<0.05]. The level of IL-2 and IL-4 and TNF-alpha in the sera of patients did not show any appreciable difference with those of normal controls [p>0.1]. Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference in IFN-gamma in the two groups. Our results would suggest a definite role of IFN-gamma, and IL-10 in sera of patients with arthritis and low bake pain brucellosis

Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies and rheumatoid factor in leprosy patients with articular involvement

The objective of the present research was to evaluate the usefulness of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies and the IgM rheumatoid factor (IgM RF) test for the differential diagnosis of leprosy with articular involvement and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Anti-CCP antibodies and IgM RF were measured in the sera of 158 leprosy patients (76 with and 82 without articular involvement), 69 RA patients and 89 healthy controls. Leprosy diagnosis was performed according to Ridley and Jopling classification criteria and clinical and demographic characteristics of leprosy patients were collected by a standard questionnaire. Leprosy patients with any concomitant rheumatic disease were excluded. Serum samples were obtained from all participants and frozen at _20°C. Measurement of anti-CCP antibodies and IgM RF were performed by ELISA, using a commercial second-generation kit, and the latex agglutination test, respectively. Anti-CCP antibodies and IgM RF were detected in low frequencies (2.6 and 1.3 percent, respectively) in leprosy patients and were not associated with articular involvement. Among healthy individuals both anti-CCP antibodies and IgM RF were each detected in 3.4 percent of the subjects. In contrast, in the RA group, anti-CCP antibodies were present in 81.2 percent and IgM RF in 62.3 percent. In the present study, both anti-CCP antibodies and IgM RF showed good positive predictive value for RA, helping to discriminate between RA and leprosy patients with articular involvement. However, anti-CCP antibodies were more specific for RA diagnosis in the population under study.

Respuesta inmunológica de linfocitos T frente a diferentes fracciones antigénicas de mycobacterium bovis en poliartritis crónica juvenil / T lymphocyte immunological response to different antigenic fractions of mycobacterium bovis in juvenile chronic polyarthritis

Background: The possible relationship of stress or heat-shock proteins (hsp) with the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease has been intensely studied recently. In adult rheumatoid arthritis, a bacterial hsp (65 kDa hsp from Mycobacterium tuberculosis or bovis) would have a cross reactivity with a hsp of ARTICULAR cartilage. Aim: To assess the cellular immune response to the 65 kA hsp from M Bovis in children. Patients and methods: The proliferative response of peripheral mononuclear cells of 20 children with juvenile chronic polyarthritis and 20 healthy controls, against the 65 kDa hsp and other antigenic fractions from M bovis, was studied. Results: Patients with juvenile chronic polyarthritis had a intense reaction against 65 kDa fraction and a second fraction located between 32.5 and 27.5 kDa. Patients with a prolonged evolution of the disease (more than five years), reacted preferentially to an antigenic segment located between 32.5 and 27.5 kDa and those with a shorter evolution did so with an antigen of 27.5-18.5 kDa. Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that 65 kDa hsp from M bovis is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic juvenile polyarthritis and suggest that patients with short or prolonged evolutions of the disease would react to different antigenic fractions

Study of gamma-interferon in schhistosomiasis mansoni, autoimmune diseases and schistosomal arthhropathy

IFN-gamma, aTh1 cytokine, was quantitatively estimated using EASIA in the sera of patients with different stages of Schistosomiasis mansoni autoimmune diseases and schistosomal arthropathy. Level of IFN-gamma was significantly elevated in all the test groups compared to the control group. The highest level of IFN-gamma observed was in RA and SLE with insignificant statistical difference between them. Cases with early S. mansoni infection showed significant higher level of IFN-gamma compared to hepatosplenic schistosomiasis with and without ascites. A significant statistical difference concerning IFN-gamma level was observed when comparing RA and SLE to different stages of S. mansoni infection and schistosomal arthropathy. This study concluded that IFN-gamma estimation in sera of patients having joint complaint could be a good marker for differentiation between autoimmune collagen induced arthritis and schistosomiasis induced arthropathy

Specific circulating Schistosomal immune complexes among children with arthropathy

Sixty children were chosen from Pediatrics Department of Zagazig University and 14 age-matched healthy children were chosen to be included in this study. The children were classified into 4 groups: The first group consisted of 28 children infected with active schistosomiasis and arthropathy; the second group included 18 children with schistosomiasis only without arthoropathy; the third group included 14 children suffering from arthropathy without schistosomiasis. The fourth group consisted of 14 apparently healthy children and served as a control group. A significant high percentage positivity of specific circulating schistosomal immune complexes was found among the group of schistosomal arthoropathy versus the other groups. Moreover, a significant higher mean optical density readings was found among the same group of schistosomal arthoropathy. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between percentage positivity of CIC and intensity of infection was recorded. From these results it appears that schistosomiasis plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of arthoropathy among children. Moreover, ELISA assay, using monoclonal antibody, is a highly sensitive test in detecting specific CIC in children with schistosomiasis

Linhagens de linfocitos T responsivas a antigenos do M. leprae na artrite cronica da hanseniase / ?

A hanseniase, doenca infecciosa cronica causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae, tem diferentes apresentacoes clinicas relacionadas a resistencia ou susceptibilidade ao bacilo. O quadro de linfocitos T de pacientes com hanseniase e artrite cronica possibilitou identificar e esclarecer os possiveis mecanismos imunologicos envolvidos na sua patogenese, atraves do estudo de 27 linhagens de celulas T envolvidos na resposta ao M. leprae, enfermos com hanseniase com artrite (n=4) e sem artrite (n=3). Para o esclarecimento da maioria dos eventos envolvidos no reconhecimento dos antigenos micobacterianos nos dois agrupamentos de doentes; foram investigados, a resposta a proteinas imunodominantes da micobacteria, e fenotipo das celulas envolvidas, o papel regulador destes linfocitos, atraves da determinacao das citocinas produzidas

Abordagem reumatologica na hanseniase / ?

Foram estudados 60 enfermos de hanseniase nos seus aspectos reumatologicos, atraves de avaliacao clinica, pela imagem (radiologica, tomografia computadorizada e cintilografia ossea) e autoanticorpos. Identificou-se em grande numero de enfermos a presenca de artropatia/espondilopatia, traduzida por artrite/poliartrite simetrica acompanhada de sacroiliite; esta pouco frequentemente apresentou-se isolada. Este estado inflamatorio cronico acompanha-se de ausencia ou pequena frequencia de autoanticorpos, como celulas LE, fatores antinucleares, fatores reumatoides, crioglobulinas, complexos imunes, anticardiolipina IgG e IgM; pequenas flutuacoes foram encontradas em complemento hemolitico total, C3c e C4. O antigeno anti HTLV-III foi sempre nagativo e a hipergamaglobulinemia ocorreu em 30 por cento dos enfermos.

Artritis psoriática y cirrosis hepática / Psoariatic arthritis and hepatic cirrhosis

Se presenta un caso de artritis psoriásica acompañada de cirrosis hepática post-alcohólica en un sujeto de 73 años. Presenta una disminución relativa de la respuesta inmune celular (medida por pruebas in vivo) y aumento (relativo también) de la inmunidad humoral. La histocompatibilidad del paciente demuestra la presencia de HLA_Bw-56 (que cruza inmunológicamente con HLA-B27) y otros antígenos HLA-A2, HLA- A11 frecuentes en la raza mestiza. Aunque no se encontró fenómenos auto-inmunes se hace notar la relación que existe entre este tipo de enfermedades con alteraciones inmunológicas concomitantes